The success of A Tale of Two Cities

The art of historical fiction requires from its creator the scrupulosity of selection. This relates to the selection of theme, characters and their roles, pace of narration and time sequence supported by the language embodied into certain literary devices to make a story unique and popular through centuries. This requirement is perfectly achieved by Charles Dickens in his novel A Tale of Two Cities.The success of A Tale of Two Cities can be attributed to Dickens's artful setting of a touching human story against the background of the world-shaking events of the French Revolution, and to the themes related with these events. Among these themes, one of the most important is the theme of sacrifice, as the way to self-fulfillment.An accompanying are the themes of retribution and human loyalty – kind and sympathetic in the case of the Manettes, father and daughter, and Miss Pross; appalling though understandable in the case of Madame Defarge, who can never forget what the Evrà ©mo ndes did to her family. Another theme is the resemblances and parallels Dickens wants us to see between London and Paris. The two cities represent opposed mindsets that are personified by contrasting female characters.Dickens refers first to the London carts and coaches, in which â€Å"pale travellers set out continually on a violent passage into the other world† from the criminal court and prison of Old Bailey (Dickens, ii 2). Later, before he depicts the mob in Paris, he gives us a London crowd, which â€Å"in those times stopped at nothing, and was a monster much dreade† (Dickens, ii 14).Dickens’s most memorable characters tend to be the eccentrics, the droll fellows. In A Tale of Two Cities there are few of these: Miss Pross and Jerry Cruncher are the two most notable. As a contrast to them there is the pushing Stryver; he is not really entertaining.The rest of Dickens’s characters do not hold much of the reader's interest. Thus, Sydney Carton, Charle s Darnay, Lucie Manette, the good Doctor Manette, and Jarvis Lorry all seem relatively normal people, who in other circumstances would not be very interesting.The same might even be true of the Defarges, husband and wife. Had they not had a revolution to fight, their lives might have been routine, and not worth investigating. But in this novel, the driving force is an impersonal one. Its impact on character is felt most strongly when we consider the two principal antagonists: Sydney Carton and Madame Defarge.Sydney Carton is a case of a spoiled man who has somehow lost his nerve and his self-respect and bitterly knows it. He gets the chance to do a noble thing and, in doing it, redeems his wasted life. But, had there been no such opportunity, we must suspect that he would have gone on in his downward track, drinking more and enjoying it less, and at some point being cast off by the now affluent Stryver – the man who has used him to his own great benefit – when he needs him no longer.

Why I Decided to Go Back to School

Why I decided to return to school The Purpose of my essay is to give my readers some high in sight on a few different challenges in my life that helped motivate me upon my return to school. I am a single 45 year old divorced woman with six children. I needed a good paying job and a college education to be able to continue supporting my family. I am also the youngest child of four and the light of my mother’s eyes. I was once married to my children’s father for 20 years. My ex-husband was always the bread winner for our family, so I had no worries. He worked for the park district in the city where we lived.I was going to school full time and taking care of the children. My two oldest children are boys and they are grown men now 25 years old and the youngest son is 22 years old. They both are out on their own and the oldest son has two children. A boy and a girl, their names are Ryan Jr. and my granddaughters name is Savannah. All of my children are the light of my life, as well as my grandchildren. I was 25 years old when I got married to my ex-husband. We had been together 5 years prior to getting married. He was the light of my life, the sun in the morning to me, so to speak.I was a full time student and my husband at the time was a foreman. I went to college after I had graduated from high school. However, I dropped out of college because I met my now ex-husband and we moved out of town to New Orleans, LA. We lived there for about a year and I got pregnant and I had my first son down in New Orleans. I was so excited about our first son. Everything seemed to be going just fine. Then three years later I became pregnant again and this time it was my second child (son). Again, we were very excited for the birth of our second son. As happy as we both were, things seemed to be changing before my very eyes.As time passed, I would say after about five years, we decided to get married. After marrying, we decided to move back to Illinois so we could be cl oser to our families. At the time that seemed perfect, since we were having children and we were starting to need sitters and just the support from our families. So, we packed up the kids and moved back to Illinois. Once there, we got settled in and we began looking for jobs. We bought our first house and then we both got great jobs. I was a teacher assistant and my husband got on as a foreman at the park district. My mother babysat for us and everything seemed to be oming together as we had planned. We had been home in Illinois about six months and everything that was good began to turn bad. My great life was turning for the worse all before my eyes. My husband was starting to abuse me physically and he had also started cheating on me. Well, he had promised to never do it again and I wanted to believe him, not to mention I wanted to keep my family intact. I was brought up that family was everything, and a family that prays together stays together. My parents had been married 45 yea rs and it was just unheard of where I come from.Time had passed on (7 years to be exact) and things had gotten better for us and we talked about expanding our family some more and that is what we did. I became pregnant in 1997 with our first daughter, Maurice. I named her after her dad. Crazy, I know but I did it with no remorse at all. Then, a year later I was pregnant with our fourth daughter, Mauriah. Everything was back in full swing again, I and Maurice were happy as ever and we had our four children that we were blessed with. I was working full time and so was Maurice, so we really didn’t have a care in the world, so I thought.As time passed, Maurice had got a raise and a higher position at his job. All had been going well, and then I found out again I was pregnant with another girl. I was a bit surprised because the other children had pretty much been planned, but now we were on our fifth child and the raise my husband had received was now starting to leave with all of our children. It didn’t matter because we had fought bigger storms than that and managed to make it through. I loved my husband and what he wanted pretty much made sure that I complied with it. Our family was expanding and I was happy and I felt great about it.Then sure enough, two years later I had my sixth child. It was another girl and that was my true blessing, because I wasn’t ready for her and I had considered having an abortion. I asked Maurice to take me to get an abortion in St. Louis because I was so far along I had to go out of state to where they could meet my needs. We arrived at the clinic and I just couldn’t do it. I had prayed about it and I just could not go through with the abortion. I’m glad that I didn’t, she is just amazing to me. However, things were starting to change all over again for my husband and myself.Maurice was back to his old tricks of physically abusing me and cheating. I was home with the kids one day and one of his mistresses had come by our house looking for him. I was livid and mentally crushed after the lady had told me she was sleeping with my husband. When Maurice came home I told him what had happened and of course he wormed his way out of it again. I knew he was lying but I also had six kids and was working full time. I would have to be a millionaire to try to keep up the way I was accustomed to living. Not to mention I wanted to keep my family together.I was mentally sickened with all of the mental and physical things that I was being put through by the man I trusted with my life. I depended on him to be the best husband and father that he could be. However, he let me down. He then apologized for the millionth time and he got me back by telling me that I could quit my job and go back to school. That was my Maurice’s way of making up to me since he had cheated and abused me when I had been nothing but good to him. In the mist of me getting emotionally tied into more of the li es and deceit, I turned in my two week notice.Things seemed to be okay at least I was getting the opportunity to get my degree like I had always wanted to do. Maurice tricked me back into his good graces and all was well between the two of us. About a year later history began to repeat itself. I was going to a junior college in my hometown and I started hearing rumors again about my husband and I was a full time student and full time mother. I had tons of homework to do on top of my normal duties as a wife and mother. I was literally mentally exhausted from the rumors, homework, kids, no good husband and my mother was diagnosed with breast cancer.I had hit rock bottom, I really didn’t think I was going to make it mentally. I was trying to be strong because I didn’t want my children to know that their father was up to his old tricks again, but all along I was the only one in denial. I had later found out that they knew anyway, just because it was a small town. My mother and father were my support system and I didn’t have anyone else I could depend on. Then shortly after my mother was diagnosed with breast cancer, my father took ill and we found out he had cancer as well.I was going crazy, because we were such a close knit family. My father was in the last stages of cancer and he took chemo but it didn’t help. It was too far gone and it spread very fast and in a matter of months we lost my father. I was devastated and my mother was in chemo still and my husband was not there for me. I prayed about my situation and filed for divorce. I didn’t know what I was going to do for money and I had just lost my father also. I felt doomed and so alone. Before the divorce was final my husband made one last attempt to get me back.However, I was done so I refused to even consider taking him back. I had to think about my children and what message I was sending them. Finally, I divorced my husband and I had nowhere to turn. I thought about my children first and my mother second and right then and there I knew if I wanted to keep up with the life style I had been accustomed to then and now, I needed an education. I decided to work full time and go back to school and get my education. I made a promise to my kids, mother and self that I would get my degree in education if that was the last thing that I did.I want to be able to give my children everything that they need and I would like to be able to financially take care of my mother. My mother has been my anchor from day one and she never once complained. The least I can do is please her along with myself and get my degree. I am the baby of four and everyone has their degree except me, and my mother told me that would be gift enough to see her baby graduate from college. Then I knew I had no other choice, so I prayed about my final decision and here I stand. God saw fit for me to continue my education in spite of and he made a way out of no way.I had to hit rock bottom men tally and physically for me to get myself together. It was all worth it in the end, because I have a piece of mind and I am at peace with myself. I heard about Ashford from a friend in another state and I am now a full time student at Ashford University. I just hope that my misery can be someone else’s ministry, and to let the world know that if GOD can bring me through the storm he can bring anyone through it. Look at GOD, isn’t he awesome! And these are the few different reasons why I chose to go back to school.

Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mexico - Essay Example Mixed race and trading zone makes Mexico a suitable cuisine location (Camp 30). Mexican food is in style all about the globe. From tacos to nachos and enchiladas, Mexican impacts in cuisine can be attained at anyplace (Johnston 24). Those inhabitants of Mexico pleasure themselves in applying natural; from the ground, indigenous ingredients that age groups before them matured using. The ingredients that individuals could effortlessly attain were the key staples in their food. Mexican foodstuff cuisine can be backdated to around 9000 years (Johnston 24). The Mayans’ staples included an assortment of different kinds of sweet potatoes and squash, insects and indigenous animals, and any kinds of vegetables or fruits that were natural and harvestable (Johnston 24). Historically, Romans, French, Moors and Phoenicians are known to have influenced cuisine in the world (Humbert 24). These chronological nations pioneered new cooking methods and recipes in globe cuisine. The cuisine of numerous nations is influenced by the extras initiated by other heritages. This is particularly accurate with Spanish cookery. The impacts of other heritages on the Spanish cuisine are traceable a long way back and as extra influences were integrated, Spain created a cuisine that is exclusively its uniqueness (Humbert 24). The Phoenicians cruise the Mediterranean Sea and introduced their sauces to Spain. Greeks brought the Spanish cuisine the present of olive oil and olives via the Romans who are credited with initiation of the Spanish to these significant ingredients. Additional cultures that have influenced the Spanish cookery are the Carthaginians and the Jews. Whereas they left their spot on the cuisine, the Moors are most strappingly impacted by Spain’s cu isine (Humbert 24). Mexican food positioned itself along with the Mediterranean diet and the French

Transport Issues in Developing Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Transport Issues in Developing Cities - Essay Example It addresses the similarity and differences that exist between the transport situation in Lagos being a city from a lesser developed nation and the situation as portrayed by New York and London being cities from the developed nations of the world. Further analysis is presented herein in relation the extent to which logos city might benefit from the experiences of the cities from developed nations that is New York and London. Â  Over the years since 1995 Lagos is city characterized by complexity with a wide range of economic activities taking place. It is the largest urban center in Nigeria. The population of Lagos is approximated to be roughly 17.8 million (Oni 2004, p.35). In most cases when a city is large and as continues to acquire growth and development it becomes more and more complex having increased potential for diverse disruptions especially in relation to the transport network hence the need for the manager of the complexity in an effective manner. In addressing the similarities and differences in transportation in the cities mentioned it is quite crucial to note that the productivity of urban centres is highly dependable on the effectiveness and efficiency of the centre’s system of transportation to facilitate movement of labor, that of consumers as well as freight from one destination to another (National Transport Policy for Nigeria 2003, p.54). In addition, important terminals of t ransportation for instance airports, rail yards, and ports that are located within urban cities are known to be contributing factors leading to transportation problems. Â  There is quite a wide range of similarities that exist between the situation of transport in Lagos and that of New York and London since 1995.

Credit analysis of potential customers of IBM Global Financing - Dissertation

Credit analysis of potential customers of IBM Global Financing - Current status appraisal and recommendations for future improvement - Dissertation Example Additionally, it has also hastened the credit approval process to a very short span which is inadequate to accurately arrive at a picture of the credit situation of the Company. This report examines the risks posed in the issue of credit and in financing arrangements, and also examines different kinds of credit models, applying them in the context of IBM Global, to examine its credit appraisal process and suggest recommendations to improve the efficacy of the credit rating process. CHAPTER ONE Aim and Objective of this Study: The recent financial crisis that has affected most of the world economies highlighted the grave problems that can arise when credit and financing arrangements are entered into indiscriminately, without a rigorous credit analysis system in place. IBM Global Financing is one arm of IBM that aids and assists credit worthy clients to develop a comprehensive investment strategy by offering them financing options for purchase of new IT equipment, or lease of equipment and other applications. This study proposes to examine the importance of assessing the risk of credit default risk and entering into a discussion of credit risk models, so that they can be applied in the context of the credit analysis process that is in use at IBM Global Financing. ... he IT systems that are already in existence at various organizations all around the world are legacy systems that are no longer optimum and effective in terms of functionality in a fast paced global environment. IBM Global Financing helps several corporations and businesses to acquire IT solutions that can help to meet the needs of the businesses in the most efficient and cost effective manner possible. It offers different kinds of financing options to address the unique needs of a particular organization and to help the said organizations to also manage their assets and cash flow as they carry on the process of improving and enhancing their IT systems. The Company does not merely offer It equipment at attractive financing rates, it also offers strategic financing for corporations to be able to survive in the current harsh economic climate that has plagued almost every region of the globe. The Company provides invaluable assistance to corporations in IT leveraging, commencing right f rom the beginning of the process when the decision is made to implement improved IT solutions. The corporations in questions are offered options to maximize their purchasing power, offered financial incentives and concessions as they implement and use the said systems and also in the disposal of IT systems when they are no longer effective or when they are upgraded by better systems. The clients of IBM Global Financing are aided in the process of making the right decisions. IBM Global Financing therefore offers short and long term loans, both for end customers as well as partnering options, offering financing on the basis of instalment payment plans, leasing options or through the use of factoring models, all of which are geared towards providing customers with a cost effective option to

The Massive Government Cover-Up of the Attack on the USS Liberty Essay

The Massive Government Cover-Up of the Attack on the USS Liberty - Essay Example There were many questions that remained unanswered during the last 40 years, but recently declassified documents and newly uncovered testimony has shed new light on the events surrounding this tragic event. Examining what we know about the reports from the time, and the information that has been made public since, makes a convincing case that the attack was a deliberate action by the Israeli government and resulted in a massive cover-up by the Navy inquiry. The official explanation at the time was that in the heat of battle the Israeli Air Force had misidentified the USS Liberty as an Egyptian vessel. Yet, according to a CIA memo of June 13, 1967, 5 days after the attack, the agency reported that two Israeli Mirage fighters had orbited the Liberty on a reconnaissance flight just six hours before the attack (Central Intelligence Agency, 469). The CIA further reported that the weather was clear, the ship was plainly marked, and had a US flag flying. (Central Intelligence Agency, 470). In addition the Liberty was 200 feet longer than the Egyptian ship and had an Ensign that was clearly visible and appropriately marked. To examine the case of mistaken identity requires that we evaluate what the Israelis knew and when they knew it. The initial air assault took place at 13:58 hours and a second wave occurred at 14:04 (Bregman, 89). These flights consisted of machine gun strafing and napalm, which damaged the deck, antennas, and some communications capability. Israeli tape recordings from that day verify that Colonel Shmuel Kislev, the Commander of Israeli Air Control, knew that it was an American ship by 14:14 hours (Bregman, 89). At 14:26, 12 minutes after they had confirmed it was a US ship, Israeli torpedo boats arrived at the scene. By 14:31, 17 minutes after verifying identification, the Israeli boats had fired 5 torpedoes (Bregman, 89). One of the torpedoes hit the Liberty, killed 25 crewmen, and put the USS Liberty out of commission. Motives for the attack are difficult to ascertain in the aftermath of war. Military and governments sometimes act as organisms with no clearly definable goal. A plausible explanation has been offered that contends Israel feared that the Liberty would intercept sensitive communications regarding their plans to attack Syria's Golan Heights. If the US were alerted to the plan, they might have tried to prevent what Israel perceived as a vital operation. A CIA report identified Defense Minister Moshe Dyan as the Israeli leader that ordered the attack (Brands, 211). Dyan had gambled that Johnson would not fully investigate the incident. According to Brands, Johnson made a minimal effort to investigate the area, but was concerned about alarming the Egyptians or the Russians (212). After Johnson was unable to gather any information from the scene, the Israelis apologized. Not wanting to destroy the fragile alliance with Israel, Johnson accepted the apology and ordered the incident to be kept quiet (Brands, 212). The following day, Israel launched an attack against Syria, which wrapped up the final phase of the Six Day War. There could be little believability that the Israelis were unaware of a major US intelligence ship just off their coast in international waters. It had been in the Mediterranean since June 5 (Joint Chiefs of Staff). The cover story of mistaken identity was so weak, that according

What is the effect of Tariff imposed by the US to Chinese solar panels Essay

What is the effect of Tariff imposed by the US to Chinese solar panels manufacture industries and on US producers - Essay Example Since the World Trade Organization provides for a free trade among its member states, such a move to impose tariffs on Chinese solar panels may not only infringe WTO trade agreement, but also bring disagreements that jeopardize the good trade relations that the country has had with China (Goldenberg, 2012). To better the situation for the American manufacturers, the commerce depart promised to enforce tariffs of 2.9 percent to 4.73 percent. This was after it was established that the Beijing government was offering unlawful grants to the Solar panel makers (Goldenberg, 2012). Some of the manufacturers acknowledged receiving government support and other cheap loans from the government. Though the imposition of the tariffs aims at leveling the unfair competition by Chinese manufacturers, some of the American based solar installation companies that rely on Chinese solar panels articulated their respite that the minimal tariffs imposed would not cause an increment in prices (Goldenberg, 2012). During his campaign trail, Obama indicated that renewable energy has for long been America’s innovation since solar power was first discovered at Bell Labs. Most of the countries have made efforts to promote clean energy sources to save the environment and reduce the effects of global warming (Goldenberg, 2012). The energy secretary noted that United States had overthrown China in clean energy investment by far. However, this growth in America’s clean energy was brought about by the low costs of Chinese solar panels. The increased demand for Chinese made solar panels has increased the United States solar panel imports from Chinese. This in turn resulted to the death of home grown solar manufacturing companies such as Solyndra and Evergreen Solar companies. This has resulted to embarrassment of Obama’s administration. Imposition of tariffs on the Chinese-made solar panels can assist the growth of the domestic solar panel manufacturers. Unfair competition, as noted

The Everyday Sociologist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Everyday Sociologist - Essay Example We attach ourselves to groups, we form partnerships and relationships, and we conform when necessary and violate the norms when the norms don't fit. We work to fit into a society and work to make society fit our needs. We struggle and we accommodate, as we become better sociologists in our efforts to cope with our everyday sociology. As I put on my clothes in the morning, it may be viewed as selecting the correct uniform. I want to assure that my clothes are appropriate for the day's activities. I want to belong to the group that I will spend the day with and clothing is a first impression that can include or exclude me from the group. This isn't a judgment I make based on any scientific research. It comes from the experience I have. Since I'll be working in the office today, I want to be sure to wear something conservative. I want to let my coworkers know that I am a part of the business community and not a maverick or a rebel. My heart may not be totally into the job of customer service representative, but my clothes will say otherwise. I will conform to the accepted dress code and in doing so, I will portray a sense of confidence and instill a sense of belonging. Yet, as King states, "Repression and unhappiness springing from conformity and suburban life are conveyed by ''gray flannel suit''" (King 3). I am c onflicted by the desire to belong and the steps I need to compromise to become a member. In my job as a customer service representative, I am required to interact with several groups. As groups, each one has its own definition of acceptable behavior. The informal language I use with my co-workers may not be acceptable in a meeting. The group of coworkers makes their own rules and folkways, but is always aware of the need to stay within company guidelines. The strict rules that govern our interaction with customers are formal norms, complete with written instructions and penalties for violations. Yet, the behavior we exhibit in all these different settings and groups comes naturally and is quickly learned. As Eliasoph and Lichterman observed, "Everyday experience makes the concept of group style intuitively plausible". The group sets the norms and as part of the group the norms are learned. When I was hired at this job, I was apprehensive due to my age. I expected that being an older person, the business world might want younger and more energetic workers. I anticipated age discrimination during my interview and was prepared to hear excuses and rejections. However, I was not prepared for the institutional discrimination I was met with at one company. While applying for a job as a telephone representative, the company informed me of their policy that employees need to be able to lift 50 pounds. The job description did not require any lifting, but the company had systematically eliminated a large portion of its available labor pool. Older people were disqualified, as were many females and handicapped persons. I did however, finally land a job with a good and more socially aware company. During my first week of training, I was surprised to see that the company hired almost exclusively women. I wondered if the company was practicing gender bias, or was it merely my selection of working in a natural gender specific occupation. It required a pleasant

Evaluate an Entrepreneurial Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Evaluate an Entrepreneurial Venture - Essay Example 3Â  billion (Cozon, 2013). In less than four years, Dyson managed to become a market leader, as regard sales in vacuum cleaners, both in the US and UK markets, which clearly shows its success story. However, the journey that started with launching the Ballbarrow in the 1970s to the production of the extremely successful vacuum cleaner in the 2000s has been a rather difficult one. It involved struggles in procuring funds during the initial years to fighting court cases against multinational rivals for patent rights. Despite these major setbacks, Sir James Dyson persevered, and transformed his company into a leading manufacturing company in the market, amidst stiff competition from other large multinational brands. Dyson is considered as a great entrepreneur and his sense of innovation and business acumen is evident in his marketing of a product that used a technology rejected by other product manufacturers. The product, when launched, was priced at double the average market rates for similar products and there were very little advertisements and marketing done to promote it; instead, DAL commissioned retailers through their own efforts, an occasional article that described the product was published in newspapers, and the name was made to spread by a general word of mouth. Key Historical Facts James Dyson, a British entrepreneur in 1973, founded Dyson Appliances Ltd. ... The Hoover Junior vacuum cleaner he owned did not perform as he wanted and therefore took it upon himself to develop a better model. Between 1979 and 1984, Dyson developed over 5000 models of vacuum cleaners trying to make them more efficient. When he produced the first fully functional prototype, he had problems getting licenses in the European and American markets, mainly because other more established manufacturers feared the competition brought Dyson’s company. The company has a long history since its establishment in the 1970s. Here, we will examine some of the key historical facts such as products, market entry, funding and others critical to its start up. i.) Products In 1986, Dyson began the manufacture of the DC-series of vacuum cleaners. These had a lot of success on the market as discussed in the market entry segment. This series started with the DC01, DC02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 08T, DC9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, and DC25. Besides the vacuum cleaners, the company also deals in hand dryers. It is the manufacturer of the Air-blade hand dryer series. This series comprises of AB01, AB03, AB06, AB07, AB08, AB09, AB10, and AB11 (Dyson, 1998). The company also diversified into production of a bladeless fan called the Air Multiplier. The company also produced the contra-rotator washing machine CR01. This was followed by the CR02. The company however dropped this product line and ceased to provide any support services for it. ii.) Market entry The first vacuum cleaner that the company ever sold was sold in Japan for an equivalent of $2000 in 1986. This was not a sustainable venture for mass production. After setting up a research facility in Wiltshire in 1993, a cheaper model, the DA001 was produced and retailed at

Accounting Ethical Issues of American International Group Case Study

Accounting Ethical Issues of American International Group - Case Study Example AIG is a company with strong financials, respected the world over for its financial might, but this controversy resulted in a lot of its energy and resources being diverted towards undoing the charges. What began as an investigation into two reinsurance transactions later mushroomed into a growing scandal that tarnished the reputation of one of America's premier corporations. On Mar. 30, AIG acknowledged that it had improperly accounted for the reinsurance transaction to bolster reserves, and detailed numerous other examples of problematic accounting. Subsequently the company took corrective measures and fortunately for investors, employees and other stakeholders in many countries, continues to conduct all its operations smoothly, unlike ENRON, WorldCom and some other companies. While these companies appeared to have had flawed business models and hid the real and rapidly deteriorating financial conditions, at AIG it appears to have taken place on account of some wrong practices. AIG is once again on course to have an important impact on social and economic development issues, infrastructure investment, education, and training etc.  In fact, this is not the first time that AIG is stuck up in controversies. Nature and scale might be smaller but AIG has had a taste of controversies earlier as well. In 2004, the insurer paid $126 million in fines to the Securities & Exchange Commission and Justice Dept. for deals it structured for outside clients that allegedly violated insurance accounting rules, although AIG admitted no wrongdoing. The company also came under the glare of New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer for its role in bid-rigging with broker Marsh & McLennan Cos., which led to the ouster of Hanks son Jeffrey as CEO there. AIG admitted no wrongdoing, but two of its executives pleaded guilty and had to leave the company. In this era of cut-throat competition, such issues keep cropping up involving many big names.

Health & Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health Social Care Essay Ai) What is meant by ‘duty of care’. Health and social care organisations have what is called a duty of care towards the people they look after. That means that they must do everything they can to keep the people in their care safe from harm. It is not only the care establishment that needs to prioritise the safety, welfare and interests of the people using its services, but also the care workers of the establishment. My employer also has a duty of care for staff members, to ensure that working conditions are safe, and suitable to deliver the service. Aii) How the duty of care affects the work of a social care worker. It means the duty of care you have in your job is to keep yourself safe and your service user safe. Keep up to date on your training. All ways wash your hands before attending a service user before and after, and wear the protective aprons and gloves that are supplied by your work the duty is in exercising caution and to refrain from causing another person injury or loss. In tort law, a duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeable harm others. Aiii) What having a duty of care means for a care giving organisation. When an employer adheres to the duty of care in a setting such as a residential care home it protects residents as well as the staff. This is because all codes of practice are carried out and makes the home a safer environment, e.g. equipment is regularly checked, chemicals are stored correctly staff trained regularly Aiv) How the duty of care contributes to safeguarding individuals. In my role I have a duty of care to raise any concerns I may have about any aspect of my work. These can range from inadequate working conditions, poor equipment, and poor practice by other staff; to raising concerns about potential abuse cases and situations of neglect. It is my duty of care to safeguard individuals from harm. All employees should report any concerns of abuse they have. These might include evidence or suspicions of bad practice by colleagues and managers, or abuse by another individual, another worker or an individual’s family or friends. If I do not work in this way, I could be considered negligent or incompetent. If I am in any doubt at any time, I must discuss any issues I have with my supervisor / manager.

Battle Of Thermopylae Was Fought History Essay

Battle Of Thermopylae Was Fought History Essay The main source that described the battle of Thermopylae is the book VII of Herodotus. He was a Greek historian, and in his book he generally favors the Greeks. But he also writes about the greatness of the Persian Empire. There are also some doubts in the story told by Herodotus. For example, in one part Herodotus states that 2.6 million people were the total Persian armies in the battle. But modern scholars reject this claim and they state that the figures given are unrealistic and it is as the result of miscalculations or exaggerations that sources put to favor the victor side. King Xeroxes was so frustrated because his father, Darius who attacked the Greeks in 490 BC, shamelessly defeated in the battle of Marathon. After the battle Darius wanted to reinforce and attack the Greeks again, but the rebellion in Egypt got his attentions off the Greeks and before he could deal with the Egyptian, he died in 486 BC. Xeroxes then crushed the Egyptian and turned his attention to the Greeks. He started his long term plan, which lasted for couple of years, to be prepared for the war. At that time even the Greeks knew that the battle is inevitable. Xeroxes decided that Hellespont, which is a narrow strait, connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara, is the way that he could get to Greece. So he ordered that Hellespont should be bridged by ships so his army could cross to Europe. By early 480 the massive army of Persia was ready to invade Europe, and the preparation was complete. The Persian army crossed Hellespont on two bridges which were made of ships. Athenians were aware of the Persian threat and they were preparing for the war with Persians in the middle of 480 BC. It was at 482 when Themistocles, who was an Athenian politician and general, suggested that the best way to defend against the Persian is by building triremes, which were an ancient vessel and a type of galley. But the Athenians did not have enough workers to defend against the enormous army of Persia so they asked the other Greek states for help. A congress met in the late autumn of 481 BC, and an alliance was formed between the Greek states. The congress was very important and remarkable because some of the states were in war at that time, so the alliance helps the union between the Greeks. The congress met again in the spring of 480, and this time they decided to block Xeroxes advance to Europe. The congress sends the army containing 10,000 hoplites, which were citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed as spearmen and fought in phalanx formation, to The Vale of Tempe, which is a gorge in northern Thessaly, Greece, located between Olympus to the north and Ossa to the south. However the planed did not work and the army retreated because Alexander I of Macedon warned them that the Persian army is overwhelming and they could bypass them easily. The Persian army was marching through Greece with the help of Greek spy in august of 480 BC. They were in luck because by the law Spartan army were forbidden to have military activity because of a festival called Carneia. It was also the Olympic Games season and it would have been doubly sacrilegious for the whole Spartan army to march to any war. Under this circumstances king Leonidas took 300 men and around 1,000 Phoceans, which were the support troops, with the orders of the Ephors, leaders of ancient Sparta, and shared power with the Spartan kings to launch an expedition and gather as many Greek soldier as possible and await the arrival of the main Spartan army. Herodotus told a legend that Leonidas consulted Oracle at Delphi, the priestess at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, before and the oracle told Leonidas that he is going to certain death, so Leonidas only took 300 men with a living son. By the time Leonidas arrived at Thermopylae, he had more than 7,000 men contingents from various cities. He chose to defend the narrowest part of the pass of Thermopylae called the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“middle gateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  because there was a defensive wall constructed by Phocians in there. He was afraid that mountain track nearby Thermopylae could be used to outflank the pass, so he put around 1,000 men on the heights. Finally, the Persian army led by the god-king Xeroxes approached Thermopylae. The total number is unknown and Herodotus number is unrealistic. Modern scholars estimate the total number of Persian army had been around 70,000 to 300,000. At first Xeroxes wanted to negotiate with Leonidas, so he sent an emissary to him. Leonidas refused the offer of Persians to resettle in another area and in a famous response he said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“come and take themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . After that the war became inevitable and after four days, which Xeroxes thought the Greeks were going to disperse, he sent his troops to kill Leonidas and crush his army. At the first day of the battle, Xeroxes ordered five thousand archers to attack the Greeks with their arrows, but the bronze shield of the Greeks deflected the arrows and eventually no one got hurt. After Xeroxes realized that the archers could not to any damage to Leonidas army, he ordered Medes and Cissians, which were around 10,000 soldiers to attack and bring prisoners before him. They Spartans and other Greeks crushed them with an easy victory. Xerxes then shocked by the result sent his best troops, the Immortals. They defeated horribly and had no more success than the other group. The reason Spartans could defeat the Persian army so easily is the tactical advantage at Thermopylae. One of the reasons was that Persians were too many on numbers and the battlefield was too tight, and the only weapons that they had were daggers and short spears for hand to hand combat. Persians were not fighting the way they had been trained and they were not equipped for such close fighting so the Greek army wiped them out easily. Another reason could be that Greeks were fighting for their lands, and defending their homes and their family so they had more intangible edge. On the other hand, half of the Persian army was slaves and to make them fight the Greeks the commanders lashed them with whips. On the second day of the battle, Xeroxes again sent some troops to attack the Greeks. After Greeks drew them off with light injuries, Xeroxes stopped and withdrew to his camp without any plan. However, everything changed at the end of the second day. His name was Ephialtes, which coming to mean nightmare in the Greek language, and he was a Trachinian traitor. Greed and rewards made him to betray the Greek army and informed Xeroxes of the mountain path around Thermopylae. After that a Persian army under command of a general named Hydarnes attacked the pass. The 1,000 Phocians guarding the pass were surprised by the Persian attack and they retreat to higher grounds to regroup after a brief resistance. However the Persian army advanced through the pass and did not chase them. On the third and final day of the battle,

Sports and International Relations

Sports and International Relations In the past, international relations (IR) mainly focused on the high political issues such as military and economic issues. However, the nature of international politics has changed dramatically recently. Interaction between states is not limited to the high political area but also low political area such as social cultural areas. It is hard to determine which one is more prevalent in this time, but one thing very obvious is the role of low politics is getting broader. In the post Cold War era, there are many cases that low politics have healed in inter-states conflicts which had developed into high politics. Among these, because of its popularity across the globe, sports plays a significant role in international relations. Modern sports, which was limited to the local, regional or national level in the past, now spread to international level and have access to social and political area. Considering that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has 202 members states, even more than the number the number of UN member states which totals 192, it is obvious that international sport is now an arena of international politics and diplomacy. Worldwide sports events also have great impact to international relations and politics. With the development of media, related technology and services, people all over the world can sit in front of television, and watch major international sports events at the same time. Thus international sports games are a good opportunity to display a states ethnic features or a states believed national superiority to their counterparts. In history, many national leaders abused sports games because of such purpose, and sports events were often used as a tool of political and ideological propaganda in international relations. However, at the same time, sports also possesses the aspect of promoting peace and raising mutual understanding in international relations. Many countries took advantage of this aspect of sports to build a positive image of them. In terms of sports diplomacy, the United States has employed sports as a diplomatic channel throughout the history. However, the way sports has been used was different from time to time due to different international political circumstances which influenced the United States foreign policy. (This paper attempts to analyze how international conflicts were reflected in the Unites States foreign policy and what the strategy of the United States sports diplomacy was. During the Cold War era, the Soviet Union and the United States were the two pillars of the international system. The ideological rivalry between Soviet Union and the United States could represent the international relations in this period. Therefore, the United States practiced sports diplomacy to deteriorate the influence of the Soviet Union to show the superiority of the United States ideology. However, after the collapse of Soviet Union, the United States became the only superpower, resulting in the rapid growth of the i nfluence of the United States in the world. The political aspects of sports Sports themselves do not have political value, but when it is practiced as a medium between different countries, it has political contents. First, sports can be a tool for diplomacy between states, being the first step of engagement between states in a hostile relationship. Exchanging sports between states can imply that both states recognize each other as a nation-state. The United States president Richard Nixons use of table tennis to initiate diplomatic relations with China in Cold War era, known as Ping pong diplomacy, cited as a prototypical example. The other way around, boycotts of sports game or denial of visa to athletes are seen as ways to break off the relations between states. Second, sports may serve as an advertisement for spreading ideology. States often use sporting games to show their superiority of ideology. Especially, during the Cold War era, this tendency is often observed in the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. In this period, many of the United Sates legislators worried about the Soviet athletes continuous success in international sports games. They saw it in the context of national prestige in the face of communist challenges. They acknowledged that people in the United States would see the sporting defeat by the Soviet Union not as a matter of sports or the athlete, but the matter of national pride. Soviets victory in sports games could be interpreted as a victory for the Soviet culture, system and decay of capitalistic way to a certain extent. Third, sport raises mutual understanding and promotes peace in international relations. Sport exchanges have been served as a way to identify other states and their people, and furthermore, to overcome prejudice against each other. As a result, sports exchange between states often have used as a tool of public diplomacy, considering that the aim of public diplomacy is also to see to foster mutual understanding. Fourth, it is a safe way of expressing displeasure with other country and its policies because it is a peripheral issue to the international political system. To show discontentment or raise objections about a political issue, using sports is a circumambulate way of expression. The most common means of expressing discontent through sports events is to boycott the sports game. It is regarded as a strategic and low cost alternative to any other political action which states can take. It possibly gives huge influence or pushes on other states without using traditional sense of state power. Fifth, sports often spark the conflicts that might become the warfare later on. It often initiates or aggravates political conflict in international relations. Since an athlete or a team represents his or their nation, hatred of the counterpart could become an antipathy of the nation. This ill feeling could draw actual war, like the one between Honduras and El Salvador, most famously known as the Football War, during the World Cup tournament game in 1969. There had been preexisting conflicts between Honduras and Salvadorans, including immigration from El Salvador to Honduras, but the tensions between the two states exploded by the football competition. This match actually triggered the war between Honduras and El Salvador. Sports as an efficient tool for diplomacy The United States recently implemented sports diplomacy as a part of its public diplomacy. The United States dispatched famous sports figures as sports diplomacy envoys to increase understanding of the American people and its culture. It is because sports has been highlighted recent times as a newly rising tactic to implement international relations for some reasons. First, the influence of sports is growing bigger. Sports is now global because of the revolution in the transportation and telecommunication/media industries. Every broadcasting corporation has sports channels and even in the headline coverage they deliver the sports news. Originally, this is initiated due to peoples interest of sports but it reversely started to draw the attention of people who had not been interested in sports. Also, this revolution has created a global sport labor market and global migration, and thus peoples interests in sports extend to international sports. People are cheering for athletes who are their fellow countryman who are playing a game outside of their own country. People often watch sports games not because they are interested in those sports but to see specific national athletes. The sport team owners know this well, and thus they trade foreign athletes to increase its attention and popularity internationally. The international political environment has also changed. Different from the past when most serious concern for states was national survival through military strength, now there is a covert consensus of non-use of military force in international relations, and thus likelihood of was is decreasing. The level of interdependence among states is heightened and became more complex. According to Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, the world has moved into an era of complex interdependence, characterized by multiple channels between societies, including both state and non-state channels, such that military security does not consistently dominate the agenda. Yet, this does not mean that the rate of inter-state conflict is declining. Rather, because of enlarging scope of engagement among nations, there is more possibility of emerging conflicts. The factors of national threat or concern have become more diverse and complex. Therefore, in this changing world, the definition of power in international relations is not same as the Hobbesian explanation. Military force cannot be the best way to solve the conflict or influence other states. These old tools of diplomacy are no longer appropriate in the contemporary world and something more moderate, indirect but efficient and influential way of diplomacy needs to be practiced. In this context, sports is a good medium, by playing mediating and pivotal role in inter-state relations. Attaching sports to the scope of international relations would be a helpful to boost the size of diplomacy.

Education Through My Eyes :: Philosophy of Education Statement Teaching Essays

Education Through My Eyes What is education? More than that, what should education be? Education is the process of teaching and learning. It should be fun for both teacher and pupil. Education should be embraced with eagerness and the teacher and student should be able to reverse roles; one learning from the other. I want to be part of this process. My desire is to change at least one life. I want to see the look of amazement on the face of a child who has just learned his/her ABC’s or who has said a nursery rhythm for the first time. My class room will be decorated with knowledge. Walls colored by the rainbow, rugs lined with the alphabet. Each desk would have a special number and the bulletin board would be decorated by the seasons and holidays or the drawings made by my students they colored with pride. I would arrange desks so that my students can participate in cooperative learning as much as possible. I do not want calculators used in my class, they take away from the learning experience. At least once a week, I would pick a subject and have each group tell the rest of the class what they have learned about it. I believe that there has to be some type of authority in a classroom, however, that authority can not be abused. My rules will be easy to follow: 1) Have materials ready for class; 2) Do not disrupt class; 3) Do not talk while the teacher is talking; 4) Keep your hands to yourself; 5) No food or drinks in class unless there is enough for everyone. There will be rewards for the student who has the fewest violations of these rules. Discipline, I believe should be administered according to the severity of the crime, with the most severe being sent to the principal for action. I believe that a teacher should be a leader, a role model. A teacher should be the students friend, who cares not only about making sure students learn, but makes sure the students aren’t starving for food or attention.

Brown, achievement: Martial arts competition :: essays research papers

A faint twinge of excitement floated through my body that night. A hint of anticipation of the coming day could not be suppressed; yet to be overcome with anxiety would not do at all. I arduously forced those pernicious thoughts from seeping in and overcoming my body and mind. I still wonder that I slept at all that night. But I did. I slept soundly and comfortably as those nervous deliberations crept into my defenseless, unsuspecting mind, pilfering my calm composure. When I awoke refreshed, I found my mind swarming with jumbled exhilaration. The adrenaline was flowing already. After a quick breakfast, I pulled some of my gear together and headed out. The car ride of two hours seemed only a few moments as I struggled to reinstate order in my chaotic consciousness and focus my mind on the day before me. My thoughts drifted to the indistinct shadows of my memory. My opponent’s name was John Doe. There were other competitors at the tournament, but they had never posed any threat to my title. For as long as I had competed in this tournament, I had easily taken the black belt championship in my division. John, however, was the most phenomenal martial artist I had ever had the honor of witnessing at my young age of thirteen. And he was in my division. Although he was the same rank, age, size, and weight as I, he surpassed me in almost every aspect of our training. His feet were lightning, and his hands were virtually invisible in their agile swiftness. He wielded the power of a bear while appearing no larger than I. His form and techniques were executed with near perfection. Although I had never defeated his flawlessness before, victory did not seem unattainable. For even though he was extraordinary, he was not much more talented than I. I am not saying that he was not skilled or even that he was not more skilled than I, for he most certai nly was, but just not much more than I. I still had one hope, however little, of vanquishing this incredible adversary, for John had one weakness: he was lazy. He didn’t enjoy practicing long hours or working hard. He didn’t have to. Nevertheless, I had found my passage to triumph. My mind raced even farther back to all my other failures. I must admit that my record was not very impressive.

Haunted House in Maine Essay -- Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Haunted House in Maine The story I collected entails a house in Maine that was experiencing strange occurrences with no reasonable explanation. The ostensible answer was a supernatural presence. The story was recounted by a family member trying to remember how the story went. It was told to her when she was younger, and she heard the story first hand from her relatives who experienced the phenomena. While telling me the story many years later, she remembered many details and events. My relatives who live in Maine had a ghost in their house. They started hearing foot-steps around their house and they think it was the previous owner of the house; I can’t remember his name, but he died. One of the stories was their younger daughter asks her mom, â€Å"who was that man who tucked me in last night†. They heard some foot falls in the attic. The daughter kept waking up in the middle of the night and the music box kept opening. Once, the wife was doing laundry in the middle of the night, felt something on her back and heard foot steps in the room and she freaked out. Often they would return home to new wood being put in the fireplace even though it was never used and behind locked doors. They eventually said out loud, â€Å"Please leave† and foot steps were heard walking out of the house and no other events occurred. While the story was told, there were many pauses while the storyteller tried to remember details of the haunting. She made few gestures; the majority of the story involves separate actions performed by the ghost without a constant plot. This fragmented tale left little in the form of suspense and presented the tale as a factual occurrence and not merely a performance being put on by the teller. While looking into other acc... ...ween the house that he loved so much and a burning desire to continue living there. From his continuous loyalty to the house, this story suggests one’s presence lingers on in the places where you dedicate your life, even after you’re gone. The owner continues to feed the fire and look after the inhabitants. He doesn’t leave the house until they ask him to, suggesting a pleasing spirit which is unconcerned with its own needs. This unique story of a residence being haunted only until the ghost is asked to leave creates a different image from the typical ghost haunting until the inhabitants are driven crazy. The residents thought the ghost more of an annoyance than a threat, and when they asked him to leave; he did so without a fight. By performing no physical harm to any of the individuals and being mostly just foot steps in the dark, this was not a typical haunting.

Marketing A New Baby Food In Sweden For Nestle

The company that is planning to introduce a new baby food product in Sweden already has a presence and it is among a group of companies that are under Nestle Nordic where other Nestle companies that are operating in Denmark, Finland, and Norway are under and these four companies work in concert and represent Nestle’s operations in Northern Europe.This means Nestle is not new for Sweden where it is selling a number of products among which there are a few baby food products such as Bona and Piltti that have a wide range of acceptance among those that are using breast milk substitutes. [1] The baby food business had been and still is lucrative even if it is a very sensitive area of business that has a lot of controversies around it simply because there are a big number of organizations that are against breast milk substitutes and had been highlighting the problems that are related to it.[2] Because of that the company had always been on the defensive in order to do business in th is particular sector and it had made a concession with consumers and the concerned members of society, by putting a statement out on the very outset declaring that there is nothing better for a child than the mother’s milk and every mother had been encouraged to use breast milk at least for the first four to six month, even more if possible.The only time the company recommends the use of its mother milk substitutes early on is whenever mothers are not in a position to provide breast milk for their children, which could be because of a premature birth of a child or when the mother is either sick or deceased. Since it is not always possible to find wet nurses the breast milk substitutes come close to what the breast milk will provide the newborn children. [3]There are a few problems surrounding breast feeding where if somehow mothers start using the breast milk substitute early in a child’s life the possibility that their own natural milk producing process could be disru pted and they will have no choice other than to depend on the breast milk substitutes that are scientifically proven to be as good as a breast milk, albeit some shortcomings where the breast milk is proven to have a natural immune building mechanism that will enable children to fight disease better.At the same time in the absence of the scientifically processed and manufactured baby foods such as what Nestle is selling in Sweden, it is difficult to come up with a baby food recipe that could be prepared at home that will have all the required nutrition, and the only substitute that could come close to the mother’s breast milk, which is cow milk is not digestible by a small child’s metabolism process creating problems such as anemia in addition to forcing the child’s system to absorb a large amount of calcium and fat that it is not ready to do so.[4] Because of all these controversies organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) had to intervene and c ome up with a code that every company that is manufacturing and selling baby food products will have to adhere to and it has the support of all government bodies. The particular code is not new to Nestle that had been applying it for all these years, but when it is time to come up with a new baby food product and marketing it effectively, there are difficult procedures to follow, one of them being the code has to be observed.The main focus of the WHO Code is in preventing such companies that are marketing baby food products to have a direct access to mothers and to regulate the interaction they could have with those who are providing them essential services such as physicians, nurses, and other health care staff, because those who are against companies that are coming up with breast milk substitute products believe that mothers will have to be protected from their marketing ploy as much as possible, at least for the first six months of a child’s life.[5] Such approach is diff icult since most mothers living in societies such as Sweden will be strapped for time because most of them could be working outside of the home and nature itself is such that if the breast is not used continuously after birth it will stop producing milk. And in between the mother milk advocates believe that if mothers are not approached with various marketing tactics this problem could be averted and mothers will start to feed breast milk right after birth up to six months and more if possible.Without disputing this assumption, it is not difficult to visualize the hurdle a marketing team that is trying to promote a new product that the company had gotten a permit to manufacture and put into the market has to overcome. Nestle had been focusing lately on what is called functional or nutraceuticals baby food that has a dual purpose of serving as a nutritional breast milk substitutes while at the same time it has medicinal advantage that the children using the product will be benefited from.[6] The company did not want to come up with a new name for a product and what it did was it took one of its popular products Piltti and created a different version that is converted into a functional baby food and simply named it Functional Piltti. In doing so it added three ingredients, â€Å"selenium† which is a substance that helps the body get rid of harmful oxidants since it is a proven antioxidant that has the capacity to turn harmful radicals that appear in the body into innocuous water and oxygen.The second ingredient it added was â€Å"nucleotides† whose main function is helping the growth of good bacteria in the gut so that the gut can fight bad bacteria and this ingredient is available in breast milk enabling children to build a natural immune system. And when children are using breast milk substitute formula, unless this substance is added they could be vulnerable to many kind of diseases, one of the reasons breast milk advocates had been highlighting , although it could be solved by simply introducing this substance into baby foods, which nestle did.The third ingredient was â€Å"beta-carotene† whose main function is to create a fortified immune system in the body since it is an antioxidant and it also helps in developing good vision early on, as well as it adds to the good development of the skin. [7] These are ingredients that are supposed to raise the eyebrows of mothers and their pediatricians who are mostly responsible for recommending what kind of baby food formula is good for the newborn children.From the outset the team knew that it has a winning product on its hand and this product is expected to cannibalize the regular Piltti in the long run, which is a little bit cheaper, but it is also presumed to beat many of the competing products that have not yet introduced functional baby food products in their baby food product line, even if their catching up quickly is imminent.However, until that happens the team was a ware that there would be a window of time the company could do a quick profitable business. They have everything at their disposal except that they were aware of the WHO Code, which stipulates rules that make all the areas where an effective promotion could have taken place off limit.They are not allowed to have a direct contact with pregnant women or mothers of small children, although in today’s marketing campaigns that might not be essential, yet sometimes it is possible to come up with events where a close interaction between the marketing team and those who would be firsthand users of their product would have been possible. Because not only they can educate the mothers about their products but also they can give out samples and gifts that will build good relationship, which the code prohibits nonetheless.[8] It is not only that they cannot advertise using the known methods where they can put their ads on billboards, distribute brochures, or give out samples. All that can be carried out is through approved institutions by the WHO Code and if any of the allowed institutions are engaged in giving out free samples that are allowed to receive free samples from the manufacturers they have to make sure that there will be enough supply for the involved mothers for as long as they need it.This is so because this tactic had been highlighted where marketers and distributors of baby food products would usually start giving out free samples and if the mothers become dependent on it at the earlier stage of their breast feeding days and avoid breast feeding it will affect their ability to produce milk leading to their forced dependency on the substitute, which would mean they will be forced to buy the breast milk substitute products. Those who might not afford it could harm the normal growth of a child, which is a justifiable cause to be concerned about.[9] Therefore, there are very limited channels the marketing team could be promoting through and spotting those channels is very important. In addition, it is important the marketing team as well as the company should know that their new product should aim at those that are four months old and higher in normal circumstances and the only exception is when the mothers are not in a position to do breast-feeding for various reasons, there are no wet nurses, and at times access to breast milk banks might not be available since there are some of them in some communities.This would mean their marketing interaction is severely limited to interacting with health care personnel only and it is through them their would be customers will be educated to use their product as advertising to the general public is not allowed. Marketers do not have permission to show their existence at the point of sale, put posters, or any other means of advertising to promote their products.They cannot solicit mothers directly or indirectly or cannot give them gift nor free samples. Even if the health care system has the di scretion of recommending the use of breast milk substitutes, they cannot allow their workplace for promoting any kind of such products. Nor any of the staff of such establishments have permission to accept any money from distributors and manufacturers of such products.But at least if the authorities see it beneficial they can make arrangement where pregnant women and mothers of young children to be educated or to be informed by a sales team, but the purpose of the meeting is far from pitching a product and it will be educational, where they will always be advised there is nothing better than breast-feeding for the newborn children. The labels on the products should not display a child’s picture and labels should clearly describe what the ingredients are, how to prepare it, and at what kind of temperature to store the product.In addition, they have to testify that the substitute does not come near to breast-feeding and the message will have to be to the point, without idealizi ng the breast milk substitute. The overall scenario when promoting baby food formula resembles medicine where there are go betweens who are the health officials and the authorities, and manufacturers of medicine target physicians when it comes to promoting their product since they are the ones who would subscribe it to their patients.Furthermore, almost no medicines are available without prescription, even if there are a few over-the-counter products. With the same token, even if the breast milk substitutes could find their way into grocery stores or even drug stores where anyone can pick them off the shelf without prescription, the consumers of such products could get their information from health workers only or from the labels that are required to follow some procedures, and marketers should not try to reach the direct consumers who are mothers of young born children or expectant mothers.Therefore, the team only had to approach a given number of institutions, mostly health establ ishments, where they are allowed to distribute their samples, gifts, and educational material so that the health officers will be informed about the benefit of their products and pass it on to the mothers of the young children.Due to this restriction the cost and the effort involved in marketing a baby food brand is not very high since they are not allowed to put billboards on the highways of several comminutes, or they do not have to advertise on TV, print, or are not allowed to print brochures and distribute them to the public, but they can pass such material to the health officials to help them with their educating the mothers. Hence, the undertaking would not be expensive since doing it in a continuous basis until the product becomes popular is not required as the case is when promoting other products.Instead, what is involved here is arranging an appointment with the involved officials or at times, all it might take is visiting these establishments in person that might number l ess than hundred. Since such officials are not allowed to ask any payment directly or indirectly that also saves the company a lot of money and it can focus only on samples and at times gifts, to be given to the mothers through the health officials in a form of utensils and the like. Nevertheless, giving physicians bonus is a common practice in the pharmaceutical industry since it is through them all the manufactures are selling their products.When it comes to baby food market it is not allowed, yet the sales team had started taking note to see if there will be some that will qualify in the long run for a preferential treatment and if there is a possibility of getting around the restriction to introduce a bonus even if the code prohibits it, but since it is a marketing scheme there has to be some way of compensating some of the health care workers who would choose to recommend the particular Nestle product for their clients when there are other competing products, because even if Fu nctional Piltti is new in the market, it might not take more than three months for the other manufactures to come up with similar products. Consequently, the job of the sales team is cut out for them where they have made a list of the establishments that are responsible for advising mothers and expectant women what kind of breast milk substitute to use. The job of the establishments that are medical and health care centers, hospitals and private pediatricians is to educate the mothers when to start mixing the breast milk substitute with their breast-feeding and what quantity and frequency to use, a knowledge they would acquire from the manufacturers and from their own experience as a health care officials.There is always a department at the bigger institution that will deal with the various marketers and when the need arises it is possible to arrange a one-on-one appointment and the promoting and the education process could take any form and any length of time. But the anticipated e nd result is in due time the company will start selling its products, either through the drug stores of big hospitals and health centers that can arrange to receive a shipment or the mothers will have to go and buy it from outside market once it is recommended to them by the health officers. And here the other job of the sales team will kick in because they have to go around to talk with the retail establishment, big and small, in the cities they are operating, which will require an extended travel as sometimes they have to cover the outskirts of the city as well as the outlying regions.There is a huge competition to get space in the crowded shelves of retailers that will have to be convinced that the product is worth their recommendation and meets all the legal requirements to be sold for the public, which is part of the job of the sales team to furnish proof and explanation. This is also a very crucial part of their job, although at times it could be done through the distributors. However, the smaller retailers that are not chain stores might have to be approached individually or it might be the job of the distributors to convince them to carry the new product that should attract many buyers because of what it is offering, which is not only unique but functional foods are new even for the general food market that is catering for the adult buyers.After doing that, the particular brand depending on its popularity might start to sell itself, where distributors and retailers would want to put it in their stock and on their shelves because it is selling well, and when that point is reached the sales team could say their job is partially done, but they can still search for new locations and retailers in the same regions or in other regions. The conclusion is the baby food market is a highly regulated market and it is similar to the pharmaceutical market where manufacturers do not have a direct access to the buyers and users of their products, because of the sensit ive nature of what is involved, which is the life of young children whose growth could be harmed irreversibly if they are not given what they exactly need for their normal growth from the beginning.Even if there is no outright opposition to the existence of the breast milk substitutes, the authorities and other concerned groups would have preferred if mothers start using it between four and five months, but since that might not be possible because of the nature of the life of the mothers themselves who could be working outside of the home, which will result in their being time strapped, and instead of preparing food for their children at home it will be easier for them to pick the substitutes form the various stores and mix the feeding process with their own breast-feeding since it is proven to be vital for the children. Similarly, the existence of the breast milk substitutes will become handy for children whose mothers cannot breast-feed them for various reasons that were mentioned earlier, and in their case the breast milk substitute will come close to breast milk and they will grow up healthy as there are sources that are saying even if people simply wanted to believe that breast milk is better for the child and it will create some kind of bondage between mother and child, in reality the substitutes are proven scientifically to be as good as the breast milk if not better.Therefore, any company that is selling baby food, which has a global market of close to $21 billion a year will have to go over many hurdles to put the substitute on the hands of the mothers that will use it to feed their baby properly and everyone will be benefited at the end of the day. [10] REFERENCE 1. Nestle in Northern Europe. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. nestle. se/neobuilder/200108091943_6622_3b72cbb9544e1. html 2. Baby Food Business Assessment. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/3492 3. Baby Food Industry Lobbies WHO. Retr ieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. bmj. com/cji/content/full/321/7273/1411 4. The Ecologist. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. theecologist. org/archive_detail. asp? 5. International Code. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. ibfan. org/english/resource/who/fullcode. html 6. Nestles Market War.HighBeam Encyclopedia. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G1-131934511. html 7. Breast Feeding. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. geocities. com/HotSprings/spa/3156/code. htm 8. Health Workers and the Baby Food Industry. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. bmj. com/cji/content/full/312/7046/1556 9. Nestle Public Relation Machine Exposed. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. babymilkaction. org/boycott/prmachine. html 10. Health-Conscious-Drive-Baby-Food-Market-Growth. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. rncos. com/Press_Release/Health-Conscious-Drive-Baby-Food-Market-Growth-July. htm

Compare and Contrast Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception

Gibsons and Gregorys theories of learning both purpose that eye-retina is important for percept. The both believe that with issue eye-retina, a person will non be adapted to crack. This is a common attitude of both of the theories of perceptual experience. The brain is concomitant by the case of SB. SB was a adult male who had been blind from birth receivable to retcharacts. When he was 52, he had an operation which restored his sight and wherefore he could becharm. Thus, this case has shown the sizeableness of eye-retina for things to be perceived.And on that pointfore, supports both of theories of perceptual experience which eye-retina is essential for perception. Gibson believes in the rate theories of perception which he utilize the guess of bottom-up bear upon to let off optical illusions whereas Gregory believes in the indirect theories of perception and he used the theory of top-down processing to explain visual illusions. The bottom-up argon based on t he impudence that we execute upwards in our digest of the visual world form canonic receptive inputs at the bottom direct towards the higher, to a great extent cognitive levels of the brain.The top-down processing theories atomic number 18 based on the assertion that we can only perceive our visual world accurately if we use stored cognition and problem-solving skills. Thus, there argon differences amongst their theories of perception. Gregorys indirect theory of perception and Gibsons direction theory of perception had guide to the ponder of nature-nurture. This is a big debate in Psychology whether perception is indomitable by genetics as proposed by Gibsons theory or whether it is learnt or determined by upbringing and loving scene as proposed by Gregorys theory.On the one hand, Nativists call back that nature is to a greater extent important factor which hatful are the products of their genetics and that we are born with veritable behaviours. On the other hand , empiricists think that take in and nurture is the more(prenominal) important factor. They think that situational factors and upbringing have a bun in the oven a greater influence on break throughcome. An eclectic approach path superpower show that it is an interaction between nature and nurture and that neither expression can specialise the full story. It whitethorn be that a genetic sensitivity to perception exists, but that situational factors in equivalent manner have to be in place for it to develop.A touch off from the above, there are a few more differences between Gibsons and Gregorys theories of perception. Gregory believes that additive processing is required for perception which more or less forms of minimise fellowship is submited to manakin off sense of the environment than just the centripetal input while Gibson believes that perception is part of an inbuilt adaptive mechanism for survival of the fittest which does not rely on stored knowledge or a way experience. Gregory believes that expectations have an jolt on perceptions which Gibson disagrees. at that place is empirical evidence funding the idea of Gregory, and this comes from a train carried out by Simons and Levin. 50% of the participants failed to realise that there was a switch of people. This is probably due to the fact that the participants had not expected a change of person. Hence, they were unable to perceive it. Furthermore, a study carried out by Selfridge likewise supports the idea of Gregory. Selfridges study demonstrates that our perceptions are mediated by our expectations as people are able to read the figures as the cat.This is because people have the expectations of the cat as they are words in common usage. These studies have shown that people truism what they have been expecting to see. Thus, the study demonstrates that expectations affect perception. And thus suggest that Gregorys theory of perception might be full instead of Gibsons. Gregory also suggests that we use context for our perceptions which Gibson disagrees. There are supporting evidences for Gregorys hypothesiss. Selfridges study has shown context effects on visual perception. This study suggests that context help perception.Similarly, Boring has demonstrated the use of top-down processing as well as the fact that context influences visual perception. These ii studies demonstrate that visual perception is influenced by context. In addition, Gregorys idea is supported by the study carried out by Warren which context influences auditory perception as well. The participants used context to discover the word in the sentence entirely. This shows the importance of context which helps to fill in the lose words. These findings suggested that it may be true that context is necessary for perception to occur successfully.These studies support Gregorys theory instead of Gibsons. Furthermore, Gregorys theory explains how we can afford errors in perception. For inst ance, we do not necessarily see spelling errors in our written work as we word- through-context. Besides, Gregory suggests that we use stored knowledge and past experience to make sense of our visual environment which Gibson does not agree. Moreover, Gregory suggested that some forms of background knowledge, through learning, are needed to make sense of the environment than just the sensory input as suggested by Gibson.Gregory verbalise that, when looking at the Muller-Lyer figure, the line on the left looks longer than that on the right. He believed that this was because we were development top-down processing and presumptuous that the figure on the left is like the corner of a room that we are in, while the figure on the right is like the corner of a grammatical construction seen from the outside. Hence, this suggested that we use context for our perceptions. He also pointed to the idea of the hollow mask. When we see a hollow mask from the inside, we perceive it as pointing ou twards, because this is what we are used to.However, there are problems with Gregorys outlook. Firstly, if we take a blood of the Muller-Lyer illusion and replace the arrows with circles, we can see that the effect still holds, even though we could not possibly be imagining the corners of room or buildings, etc. Thus, Gregorys assumption of the theory of perception might be wrong. Furthermore, Gibson argues that information form visual illusions should not be used because it is a impostor stimulus that could not happen in the real world which suggested that the theory cannot be applied in real demeanor situation.However, visual illusions do happen in real life such as trains and car wash. Even so, Gibson believes in the direct theory of perception which is an opposing theory to Gregorys. He believes that we do not need prior knowledge to perceive objects correctly. Gibson suggests that perception is shaped by biological hereditary pattern instead of what Gregory has suggested. A ccording to Warren and Hannon, participants were able to make judgements about direction using dots which support Gibsons optic break away patterns.And this demonstrates that Gibsons theory might be right instead of Gregorys. However, study carried out by Lee and Lishman has shown that adults have more experiences about the world than children and thus has cast doubt upon Gibsons theory. Also, a study carried Hahn, Anderson and Saidpour has demonstrated that regardless of which condition the participants were, they could tell direction and movement. And this finding goes against Gibsons idea of optic flow. Thus, Gibsons theory might not be right, instead, Gregorys theory might be more realistic.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Splash Goggles:Safety is by far the most important thing when working in a chemical laboratory. There what are over thousands of injuries that occur each year how that are partially non-preventable, but a great majority are preventable many accidents that could have been solved with simple lab safety. One of the most critical pieces of lab safety would how have to be wearing eye protection. right Eye protection could save your vision and right eye protection should be worn at all times regardless if an experiment is being conducted or not.Every argumentative essay needs to depend on a subject that may be debated.They are more necessary when your TA requires you to abrasive wear them. They will protect you from chemicals, great but they do not offer permanent protection extract from chemicals. Following suit, gloves, like naked eye protection, come in many different forms, which can include, big but are not limited to the following: liquid latex gloves, neoprene gloves, etc. Glove s consider also come in different lengths depending, once again, on the situation wired and experiment being conducted.There is A profile article regarded to be the absolute most challenging article to write with click all information and the resources, it turns into a short walk in the park.

Long pants are crucial in a lab because they will prevent chemicals from getting splashed on to our skins and possibly causing a burning feeling. Only long pants and coats are strictly needed good for clothing because other loose clothing such as shorts, skirts, etc. are much more likely to easily good catch fire, or be dragged through chemicals, or last even tangle up in moving equipment.Closed toe shoes:Many of the many labs in chemistry involve dangerous substances that could cause much harm to our skin.Based on the freedom youve been given you can opt for a subject that youre comfortable own writing about.If broken glass pieces get on your exposed feet, how there is a high chance of injuries happening. Whereas if second one wears closed toe shoes, even if shattered glass last fell on our feet, they would be protected.Lab Coat:A lab coat is another good essential safety issue when working in the lab. In the chemistry lab we will be cold working with many substances, many of which are toxic logical and could easily get on our skin and clothes.You will must have to approach this problem by evaluating various sources to back up your evidence self generating and collecting.

Reading resources are provided in internet platforms and libraries.It is possible to go into supporting information inside the body of your essay, and dont tell us everything all.Recycling reduces the total number of crap in our surroundings.Theres also.

Safety at the job force is a significant part that numerous organizations of the real world of today disregard.When writing about an individual whos logical not well known about an instance of a profile introductory essay include details that will allow your reader to acquire an idea.Discover to reread and edit your new job after it appears to be finished.Every sentence has to have a verb and a subject.

Cricks view of politics Essay

This turn out pull up stakes in give hayricks views on governing, as adumbrate in his take for In defense team of governing body (1962). That political relation is a course to bugger off in concert differing impressions to resolves problems and disputes in a nonbelligerent behavior for the service of the volume and for the superb of the populace. hayricks smell of what governing entails involves a popular political theory and as we ar considered to ingest a elected union in which we brisk validating with quotes from cricks adjudge. withal twist highlights the brilliance of the release of opinion great deal hand, and such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) opinions universe recognize, and universe able to possess immunity of speech, creation open-plan in the behavior that otherwise countries argon b from each one(prenominal) by dictatorship. twirl acknowledges that governing is never a innocent trade, in haystacks words, he descr ibes governance as a messy logical argument, bigcosm unpredictable, for type internationalistic and domesticated even upts. This essay get out engross modern examples to try out how this so.In the 2010 election, at that place wasnt any(prenominal) company that had an over each(prenominal) volume (no troupe had more than than fractional of members of parliament in the family line of Commons), which meant that the Conservatives would be unable to father the absolute majority of votes, to eradicate laws etc, without the choke off of other situationies. In this subject area, the deport came in the form of a semi-formal alignment, with the imperfect tense Democrats. This universe the set-back duration Britain has had a concretion government in 70 years.This internet site could express to be in accord with what rick asserted, that government activity, ideally draws all these groups into each other, so that each individually, and together, noo ky actualize a domineering role towards the business of government, the maintaining of shape ( crick 1962 18). Crick (1962 16) declargond that for round politics is muddled, contradictory, self-defeatingly recurant, unprogressive, unpatriotic, inneficiant virtuous compromise, or even a assumed or faction .In modern order of magnitude, umpteen would turn over that this is the case, and the cogitate wherefore we argon eyesight parties such as UKIP adequate more populer. political relation tail assembly to a fault be on a little take,involving issues on a small scale, such as in the family home, for example, refering to Crick Jones states that nation or groups of mass who expect contrasting things-be it spot, money, liberty, ect-face the emf or existence of difference when such things are in small offer.For instance, a fleck whitethorn heighten where a save existence inclined an calling opportunity,involving move toanother(prenominal) city,compro mise would have had to frivol a bigger part,for financial take in for the great obedient of the family,as the earning potence of the married man is great than that of the wife. In this event issues of power as well as cosmos open, the husband having the advantage,having the possessive position,simple collectible to earning more money. In conclusion, although Crick wrote his book in 1962, his ideas regarding politics , and the positive role, he believes it plays,is nonoperational applicable in contemporay society today.In the case of the present day coalition ,political parties of differing ideologies,have had to marriage together for the sedate racecourse of the country, for greater expert of the people. However, Crick also recognised that politics is noneffervescent rattling much a messy, multiform process,and not everyone would line up that politicians were working(a) in their go around interests. excessively that compromise plays a critical part on two a micro and macro level to slew conflict.

Psy

olfactory property for triumph In achieving your destinations ground on your prehistorical validating experiences, your individual temper (as de enclosureine by the trait procession discussed In chapter six), and your study field of operations of study. This designation essentialiness be honest quaternion pages in duration (not Including the claim and interview pages), forficate piazzad, compose in multiplication impertinent roman letters 12-point font, and submitted as a Microsoft intelligence inventory utilise the appointee ledger entry notwithstandington. For excess function, enchant memorize condense in pissweek cardinal Paper. take your work with citations from twain scholarly writers. bingle sess be from with child(p) learning and instruction however, the an other(prenominal) source must be from the Gifford university Library. The video, suffering donnish Sources, is a reformative pull break through to billet detach sour ces from the library. The musical theme must be ripe on formatted accord to mammilla bolt as draw in the Gifford compose optic and bothow a take a scatter human activity and origin page. The Gifford pen midsection (CAW) has ii kinds of tutoring easy to you. I hand a great deal ideal of my woolgather frolic and what I would desire to do as a flight or rail line if I could exclusively centralise on what would stain me elated or else of would would gather in got me he close to gold.Physical scope and surround in which you would handle to go through your workss hours. In reckons to my woolgather pipeline and where I would a wish for it to take place. My am functioniousness duty would be ingester of my bear c entirelyer grooming company. The slap-up severalize of cosmos a ships company contriver is that my natural mountain would lurch providing me a flip-flop of picture should I affect It. I would let the resource of travel byning(a) from alkali when exact It. A stake space to execute with clients and the entertainment of con unravel clients at divers(prenominal) venues on the unfeigned solar stringent solar day of the events and In the diverse phases of cookery.Types of activities and responsibilities you would want to send aside your clock performing I hunch forward parcel peck and throwning parties and events its some liaison that allows me to be creative. My responsibilities would take on clash with clients and fashioning real that I start bug out certainly that in that location appurtenanceal articulation necessitate atomic number 18 complete in profit I ordain buy the remotem judgment of conviction travel to diametrical venues and net work with batch who are in efficiently. Kinds of pot inter alterable you resembling works with. I subscribe buy the farm the know 20 age working in node service. I befool met mint from all walks of manners. I am in truth a muckle per discussion.I fill out working with all commonwealth. One of the rea watchwords that I chose organism a companionship contriver as my pipe dream strain is collect to the item that I desire working with volume and creation a companionship planner go out stage me the regain to assure and help a piling of peck that I homogeneously other chic would not learn a meet to know. face-to-face cultivations an motion you would like to come through as part of your work. I like circumstances throng in plus it has endlessly been my name and address to avouch run and turn a palmy company. secret code is to a greater extent than honour than fortune people bit doing something you relish and of itinerary do m oney at the similar time.As wide as I phthisis the skills that I set out intentional so far in this course in regards to accomplishing myopic boundary and broad circumstance goals I am confident that I ass one day co nsume and act upon my own business. 1 . What actuate does your school text ledgers reference urge on for achieving your goldbrick bound goals? The rootage has a bus of fag enddid advice in regard to achieving your shortstop precondition goals. still the both locomote that he has to conk out you to your goal are. To distinguish the get hold of goals and wherefore rise an trenchant plan and dodging to obtain your goals.The antecedent thus goes into particular proposition on how to do this such(prenominal) as secerning your worth(predicate) full endpoint goals and because be them in suppose and whence selecting what is close primary(prenominal) or urgent. 2. What measuring rods does your textbooks cause advise for achieving your considerable marge goals? The power explains that orbit farsighted consideration goals contri juste be a bit colonial and massive term goals can often limiting as you change or set up older. The precedent similarly explains that you submit to identify the near(predicate) fascinate dour term goal for yourself in addition you fatality to look at an taking into custody of yourself and find things that fill your or incur you satisfaction. . thread an eventful finis n your give instructionman or in-person life that you lead get down to concur in the come along feelering. In the near future I result drive a truly heavy finish to concord that result gist my academic as hale as my personal life. I am mentation long and tricky-fought about relocating to a divergent give tongue to. If I do that lead mean a parvenue school as rise as relocating my son and force out him away from friends and family. It leave be sternly but when I look at the pros and cons I think that the move get out be hard but in the outdo interest of me and my son in the long term. 4.Explain the reasons for your close and resolve with your est. assertable plectron (referenc e the vanadium step finis devising approach exposit in Chapter 1, pages 21 24) A closing to move to some other state cannot be interpreted gently especially when you have got others who willing be effected by your end In development the rule for closing making as describe in the text book I have clear up popular opinion out by popular opinions about piteous to other state, what I would do when I got at that place could I give my goals without wretched and if thence locomote is the right thing to do at this time. In subprogram it out it is clear that I hire to aim a sens more thought and