Effects of premarital sex and early sexual relationships on teeenagers Essay

The present day unipolar system has left USA as the only super power capable of conducting or organizing political military put through anywhere in the origination.. However, hegemony is present in a system where at that place is a unipolar structure of enamor to add up the unipolar structure capabilities for example in the 1990s the United Nations was graduall(a)y displaced from its primary responsibility for maintaining pa determination and security in favour of a revitalized NATO which provided the multilateral cover for US military action in the Balkans.In the war aganst Iraq, the process was taken a step further as NATO was itself sidelined in favour of a coalition of the willing(Bull,200023). Politically, because all recites recognize that it is in their overriding self-interest to maximize their power, thats what Waltz says they do. To do anything else is crazy because a state without enough power is a vulnerable state. And, anyway, it is excessively scary for states not to try to maximize their power. For instance as China continues to expand its military disbursal $91.5 billion in 2011,this only represents about one seventh of the total US defense reaction budget(estimated to reach $663. 8 bilion by the end of the year)according to China USA FOCUS a non profit governing based in Hong-Kong. Hence this is what Waltz calls the security dilemma( waltz,1979123). He argues that when one state sees another state trying to increase its power to increase its security, it gets sc atomic number 18d, feelsthreatened, and recognizes that it too must increase its power.But, of course, thatscares the other states, and basically there is this mad spiral in which all states are T rying to have more power than all other states. According to Waltz, this competition for power among states is not invariably as dangerous as it at first sounds. In the international system, either state is sovereign and this implies that sovereign states are not soluble to any higher power. When one sovereign state intervenes in another sovereign state monitor the domestic affairs of that certain country, it shows the aspect of political hegemony.One good example is that of America which has been step in in various sovereign states under the disguise of protecting human rights. In doing so it seems analogous America is becoming a police man of the world. A realist scholar Hobbes (1952) postulates that the powerful will always do what they want and the weak will always comply. In other respects politics and economic system are said to have existed in two separate spheres and are not logically affiliated to one another. In the option of the Marxist and leftists writers on one hand politics and economics are intimately linked.The insatiable desire of capitalists for continuous accumulation has been the force behind the political endeavors in every capital economy state. According to the theory of hegemonic stability, as I am using it in this article, the mankind and maintenance of an open and liberal world economy such as the one that has characterized most of the world economy since the end of World War II requires a powerful leader. This leader uses its power and influence to promote trade liberalisation and a stable international monetary system primarily in order to advance its profess political and economic interests.The leader, however, can seldom pressure reluctant states to practise the rules of a liberal international economic order and must seek their co-operation. These other states co-operate with the hegemony because it is in their own economic and security interests to do so. For example, although the American hegemony played a crucial role in establishing and managing the world economy following World War 2, it did so with the strong co-operation of its Cold War.Coercion involves the study of threats and demands that raise the adversary to either reverse its action or stop what it has been doing. Unlike Deter rence, which stresses the prevention of an attack or the use of threats by state A to dissuade its enemy, state B, from attacking, coercion consists of the use of threats by state A, or the coercer (e. g. state hegemony, NATO, UN), to reverse a n act of aggression by state B. To coerce a state, then, means to employ a range of diplomatic and military options.These may include economic/trade sanctions, blockades, embargoes, and precision air-strikes. The threat of exercising these options serves as either an inducement to the transgressor state to stop what it is doing, or as penalisation for not taking the steps to comply with the coercers demands. Such options, therefore, reflect the cost and benefits of calculated threats, and are often referred to as ex ante demands. The ex ante mix of punishment and inducements, in this case, can either take the form of a carrot/stick or use for that approach.